Iimpawu zesitashi sengqolowa, iindlela zokuvelisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemveliso

Ingqolowa sesinye sezona zityalo zokutya ezibalulekileyo ehlabathini. Isinye kwisithathu sabemi behlabathi sixhomekeke kwingqolowa njengokutya kwabo okusisiseko. Eyona nto isetyenziswayo kwingqolowa kukwenza ukutya kunye nokulungisa istatshi. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ezolimo zelizwe lam ziye zakhula ngokukhawuleza, kodwa umvuzo wamafama ukhule kancinci, kwaye ukuqokelelwa kweenkozo zamafama kwehlile. Ke ngoko, ukufuna indlela yokuphuma kwingqolowa yelizwe lam, ukonyuka kokusetyenziswa kwengqolowa, kunye nokunyuswa kwamaxabiso engqolowa kube ngumba ophambili kuhlengahlengiso lweqhinga lelizwe lam lolwakhiwo lwezolimo kwanokuchaphazela uphuhliso oluzinzileyo nolulungelelanisiweyo loqoqosho lwesizwe.
Inxalenye ephambili yengqolowa sisitashi, esibalelwa malunga ne-75% yobunzima beengqolowa zengqolowa kwaye iyona nxalenye ephambili ye-endosperm yengqolowa. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izinto eziluhlaza, isitashi sengqolowa sineempawu ezininzi eziphezulu, ezifana ne-thermal viscosity ephantsi kunye nobushushu obuphantsi be-gelatinization. Inkqubo yemveliso, iipropati zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali, ukusetyenziswa kwemveliso yesitatshi sengqolowa, kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwesitatshi sengqolowa kunye nomgangatho wengqolowa ziye zafundwa ngokubanzi ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe. Eli nqaku lishwankathela ngokufutshane iimpawu zesitashi sengqolowa, ukuhlukana kunye neteknoloji yokukhupha, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesitashi kunye ne-gluten.

1. Iimpawu zesitashi sengqolowa
Isiqulatho sesitatshi kulwakhiwo lwengqolowa lubalelwa kuma-58% ukuya kuma-76%, ikakhulu ngohlobo lwegranule zesitatshi kwiiseli zengqolowa endosperm, kunye nesiqulatho sesitatshi kumgubo wengqolowa sithatha malunga ne-70%. Uninzi lwe-starch granules zingqukuva kwaye zi-oval, kwaye inani elincinci alifani ngokungaqhelekanga. Ngokobukhulu be-starch granules, isitashi sengqolowa sinokwahlulwa sibe sistatshi esikhulu segranule kunye ne-small-granule starch. Iigranule ezinkulu ezinobubanzi obuyi-25 ukuya kwi-35 μm zibizwa ngokuba yi-A starch, zibalelwa malunga ne-93.12% yobunzima obomileyo besitashi sengqolowa; iigranuli ezincinci ezinobubanzi obuyi-2 ukuya kwi-8 μm kuphela zibizwa ngokuba yi-B starch, zibalelwa malunga ne-6.8% yobunzima obomileyo besitatshi sengqolowa. Abanye abantu bakwahlulahlula iigranule zesitatshi zengqolowa zibe yimodeli yezakhiwo ezintathu ngokobukhulu bazo: uhlobo A (10 ukuya ku-40 μm), uhlobo B (1 ukuya ku-10 μm) kunye nohlobo C (<1 μm), kodwa uhlobo C ludla ngokuhlelwa njenge uhlobo B. Ngokumalunga nokubunjwa kwe-molecular, isitashi sengqolowa siqulunqwe yi-amylose kunye ne-amylopectin. I-Amylopectin ifumaneka ikakhulu ngaphandle kweegranules zesitatshi sengqolowa, ngelixa i-amylose ubukhulu becala ibekwe ngaphakathi kwigranules yesitatshi sengqolowa. I-Amylose ibala i-22% ukuya kwi-26% ye-starch content iyonke, kunye ne-amylopectin i-akhawunti ye-74% ukuya kwi-78% ye-starch content. Ingqolowa yokunamathisela isitashi ineempawu ze-viscosity ephantsi kunye nobushushu obuphantsi be-gelatinization. Ukuzinza kwe-thermal ye-viscosity emva kwe-gelatinization kulungile. I-viscosity iyancipha kancinci emva kokufudumeza ixesha elide kunye nokuvuselela. Amandla ejeli emva kokupholisa aphezulu.

2. Indlela yokuvelisa istatshi sengqolowa

Okwangoku, uninzi lweefektri zengqolowa kwilizwe lam zisebenzisa inkqubo yeMartin yokuvelisa, kwaye izixhobo zayo eziphambili ngumatshini we-gluten, isikrini se-gluten, izixhobo zokomisa i-gluten, njl.

I-Gluten dryer airflow collision vortex flash dryer sisixhobo esonga umbane esonga amandla. Isebenzisa amalahle njengesibaso, kwaye umoya obandayo udlula kwibhoyila kwaye ube ngumoya owomileyo oshushu. Ixutywe kunye nezinto ezihlakaziweyo kwisixhobo kwimeko emisiweyo, ukwenzela ukuba igesi kunye nezigaba eziqinileyo ziqhubele phambili kwisantya esiphezulu, kwaye kwangaxeshanye ziphose amanzi ukufezekisa injongo yokomisa izinto.

3. Ukusetyenziswa kwesitatshi sengqolowa

Isitatshi sengqolowa siveliswa kumgubo wengqolowa. Njengoko sisazi sonke, ilizwe lam lityebile ngengqolowa, kwaye izinto zalo eziluhlaza zanele, kwaye inokuveliswa unyaka wonke.

Isitatshi sengqolowa sinoluhlu olubanzi losetyenziso. Ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza i-vermicelli kunye nerayisi ezisongayo zenoodle, kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimimandla yeyeza, imboni yeekhemikhali, i-papermaking, njl. Isetyenziswe ngobuninzi kwi-noodles kunye namashishini okuthambisa. Isitatshi esincedisayo sengqolowa - i-gluten, inokwenziwa kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zokutya, kwaye inokuveliswa kwiisoseji zemifuno ezinkonkxiweyo ukuze zithunyelwe kumazwe angaphandle. Ukuba yomiswe ibe ngumgubo wegluten osebenzayo, kulula ukuyigcina kwaye iyimveliso yokutya kunye neshishini lokutya.